Citizens
The COVID-19 pandemic has seen rampant surveillance and citizen monitoring under the guise of public health. FMA's recent research focused on understanding how such privacy and freedoms were being curtailed in the Philippines, providing recommendations for a more equitable response and helping civil society hold the government accountable.
There is no simple definition of spectrum. From a technical viewpoint, spectrum is the range of electromagnetic waves that can be used to transmit information. From a practical point of view, however, the effective management of spectrum embraces not only electromagnetic waves, but the technology used to transmit those waves, as well as the economic and political aspects of what is now a valuable national resource.
