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 <title>Research: %1</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/%252F</link>
 <description>Research</description>
 <language>en</language>
<item>
 <title>Draft text (11/2009): Code of good practice on information, participation and transparency in Internet governance</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/draft-text-11-2009-code-good-practice-information-</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;The Council of Europe, &lt;span class=&quot;caps&quot;&gt;UNECE&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span class=&quot;caps&quot;&gt;APC&lt;/span&gt; have been reviewing the arrangements for &lt;br /&gt;
information and participation in entities concerned with Internet &lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/glossary/term/317&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;governance: Governance refers to all the rules, procedures and practices affecting how powers are exercised, whether at the international or national level or within an organisation or network. 

Style information: N/a

Source: Europa glossary&quot;&gt;governance&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt; since the Rio de Janeiro meeting of the Int&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/20">Internet governance</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/102">Global</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1808">IGF 2009</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CoE_UNECE_APC_IGPP_IFG2009Workshop_20091102.pdf" length="179304" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2009 20:27:12 +0000</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>analia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">9482 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Bringing affordable telecommunications services to Uganda: A policy narrative and analysis</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/bringing-affordable-telecommunications-services-ug</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;The liberalisation of Uganda’s telecoms sector came with a string of policy, regulatory and political failures, particularly related to the privatisation of the &lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/glossary/term/1805&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;incumbent: In media or telecommunications, the term incumbent is used to describe existing companies often first established as regulated monopolies. These include television or radio stations who have benefited from government granted broadcast licenses and telecommunications companies who first existed at regulated utilities with exclusive rights to serve an area. Incumbents in this context typically have extensive market power for ten years (Source: Wikipedia)&quot;&gt;incumbent&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Uganda Posts and Telecommun&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1718">telecommunications</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1470">telecommunications reform</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/30">Africa</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CICEWAUganda_20090908.pdf" length="707926" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2009 22:45:24 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>LisaC</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">9310 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Paper 2 (05/2009): Mapping the information and participation practice of internet governance entities</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/paper-2-05-2009-mapping-information-and-participat</link>
 <description>This discussion paper has been prepared for the Council of Europe, the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the Association for Progressive Communications (APC) as part of their work to explo</description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/20">Internet governance</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/29">All Regions</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/IntGovCodePaper2.pdf" length="2167913" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 21:46:16 +0000</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>kah</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">9443 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>A review of telecommunications policy and challenges in Rwanda</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/review-telecommunications-policy-and-challenges-rw</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;The period after the 1994 genocide marked a moment of fundamental change in Rwandan communications. The &lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/glossary/term/353&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;government: A government is the organisation that is the governing authority of a political unit, the ruling power in a political society, and the apparatus through which a governing body functions and exercises authority.

Style information: Clearly distinguish between &amp;quot;state&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;government&amp;quot; as these terms are often used interchangeably, but do not mean the same thing (see also the entry for &amp;quot;state&amp;quot; in this glossary). As a general rule, &amp;quot;government&amp;quot; should not be capitalised.

Source: Wikipedia&quot;&gt;government&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt; embarked on a policy that aimed to increase connectivity as a spur to development.&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1718">telecommunications</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1470">telecommunications reform</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/30">Africa</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CICEWARwanda_20090908.pdf" length="319257" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2009 23:02:22 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>LisaC</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">9311 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Communication for influence in Central, East and West Africa (CICEWA)</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/communication-influence-central-east-and-west-afri</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;The landing of undersea telecommunications cables on the east coast of Africa in 2009 – starting with Seacom and The East African Marine System (&lt;span class=&quot;caps&quot;&gt;TEAMS&lt;/span&gt;) and to be followed in 2010 by the Eastern Afri&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1718">telecommunications</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1470">telecommunications reform</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/30">Africa</category>
 <pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2009 20:23:56 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>LisaC</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">9321 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Introductory report: Telecommunications Regulation and Broadband Development: Implications for the Andean region</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/introductory-report-telecommunications-regulation-</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;In the early 21st century, fixed-line telephony was pushed into the background by the advent of mobile telephony, which is now being challenged by &lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/glossary/term/258&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;internet: A set of interconnected networks operated by government, industry, academia, and private parties which allow computers and other electronic devices in different locations to exchange information. The internet includes services such as the world wide web, electronic mail, file transfer (FTP), chat and remote access to networks and computers.

Style information: APC uses &amp;quot;internet&amp;quot; with a small &amp;quot;i&amp;quot; in all languages.

Source: TechSoup Glossary and GenderIT.org&quot;&gt;internet&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt; protocol (IP) communications, observe Guille&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1736">broad band</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACInvestigacionesIntroduccion_EN_20090630.pdf" length="94023" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 01:53:09 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>analia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8883 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Bolivia: Universal Broadband Access: Advances and challenges</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/bolivia-universal-broadband-access-advances-and-ch</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;Orlando Arratia situates the problem in the extremely low &lt;span class=&quot;caps&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/taxonomy/term/259&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;information and communication technology: Technology and tools that people use to share, distribute, gather information and to communicate with one another, one on one, or in groups. ICTs can be grouped into three categories. Information technology uses computers, which have become indispensable in modern societies to process data and save time and effort. Telecommunications technologies include telephones (with fax) and the broadcasting of radio and television, often through satellites. Networking technologies, of which the best known is the internet, also extend to mobile phone technology, voice over IP telephony (VoIP), satellite communications, and other forms of communication that are still in their infancy. 

Style information: APC uses all small case for this term. We NEVER write &amp;quot;Information and Communication Technologies&amp;quot;. Note that there is the option of using this term in the singular (information and communication technology, abbreviated as ICT) or plural (information and communication technologies, abbreviated as ICTs). 

Source: APC&quot;&gt;ICT&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; penetration rates in Bolivia and the lack of public policies to address the issue throughout many decades: only 1.23% of Bolivians own com&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1732">bolivia</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1736">broad band</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACInvestigacionBolivia_EN_20090707.pdf" length="273505" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 01:56:56 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>analia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8884 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Ecuador: Wireless Networks for Development</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/ecuador-wireless-networks-development</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;Ecuador is one of the countries with the lowest broadband &lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/glossary/term/258&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;internet: A set of interconnected networks operated by government, industry, academia, and private parties which allow computers and other electronic devices in different locations to exchange information. The internet includes services such as the world wide web, electronic mail, file transfer (FTP), chat and remote access to networks and computers.

Style information: APC uses &amp;quot;internet&amp;quot; with a small &amp;quot;i&amp;quot; in all languages.

Source: TechSoup Glossary and GenderIT.org&quot;&gt;internet&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt; penetration rates in the region, a mere 2.7%, notes María Eugenia Hidalgo.&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1736">broad band</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1251">ecuador</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACInvestigacionEcuador_EN_20090630.pdf" length="259282" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 02:03:26 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>analia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8885 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Peru: The Battle for Control of the Internet</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/peru-battle-control-internet</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;Researcher Jorge Bossio poses the questions: Can you imagine a day when there are two kinds of &lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/glossary/term/258&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;internet: A set of interconnected networks operated by government, industry, academia, and private parties which allow computers and other electronic devices in different locations to exchange information. The internet includes services such as the world wide web, electronic mail, file transfer (FTP), chat and remote access to networks and computers.

Style information: APC uses &amp;quot;internet&amp;quot; with a small &amp;quot;i&amp;quot; in all languages.

Source: TechSoup Glossary and GenderIT.org&quot;&gt;internet&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt; networks, one open and public and the other closed and exclusive, similar to free-to-air televis&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1736">broad band</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1322">Peru</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACInvestigacionesPeru_EN_20090630.pdf" length="149758" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 02:08:54 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>analia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8886 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Venezuela: NAP: An Opportunity to Improve  Universal Broadband Access?</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/venezuela-nap-opportunity-improve-universal-broadb</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;Ysabel Briceño observes that the long distance that most &lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/glossary/term/258&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;internet: A set of interconnected networks operated by government, industry, academia, and private parties which allow computers and other electronic devices in different locations to exchange information. The internet includes services such as the world wide web, electronic mail, file transfer (FTP), chat and remote access to networks and computers.

Style information: APC uses &amp;quot;internet&amp;quot; with a small &amp;quot;i&amp;quot; in all languages.

Source: TechSoup Glossary and GenderIT.org&quot;&gt;internet&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt; traffic must travel outside the region before returning back to the region is a problem that affects both the quality and cost of com&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1736">broad band</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1734">venezuela</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACInvestigacionVenezuela_EN_20090707.pdf" length="159973" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 02:14:17 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>analia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8887 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Introduction to the Regional Advocacy reports: Universal Access Funds in the Andean Region</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/introduction-regional-advocacy-reports-universal-a</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;In his analysis, Hugo Carrión reflects on the political and economic context in which universal access funds emerged in the Andean Region and their evolution as mechanisms for achieving the objective&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1736">broad band</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACIncidenciaIntro_EN_20090630.pdf" length="124795" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 02:22:43 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>analia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8888 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Colombia: The strategy of opening educational institutions as community internet access centres </title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/colombia-strategy-opening-educational-institutions</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;The policy of opening public &lt;span class=&quot;caps&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/taxonomy/term/259&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;information and communication technology: Technology and tools that people use to share, distribute, gather information and to communicate with one another, one on one, or in groups. ICTs can be grouped into three categories. Information technology uses computers, which have become indispensable in modern societies to process data and save time and effort. Telecommunications technologies include telephones (with fax) and the broadcasting of radio and television, often through satellites. Networking technologies, of which the best known is the internet, also extend to mobile phone technology, voice over IP telephony (VoIP), satellite communications, and other forms of communication that are still in their infancy. 

Style information: APC uses all small case for this term. We NEVER write &amp;quot;Information and Communication Technologies&amp;quot;. Note that there is the option of using this term in the singular (information and communication technology, abbreviated as ICT) or plural (information and communication technologies, abbreviated as ICTs). 

Source: APC&quot;&gt;ICT&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; access centres that operate within educational institutions presents an opportunity to expand access to broadband infrastructure, as observed by Olpa Paz, Mauricio Esc&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1739">Broadband</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1271">colombia</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACInvestigacionColombia_20090630.pdf" length="349713" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2009 15:48:48 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>florencia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8928 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Communication for influence (CILAC): research and advocacy</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/communication-influence-cilac-research-and-advocac</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;The Andean region has some of the lowest fixed telephone line, mobile telephony and broadband penetration rates of all Latin America, the continent with the starkest economic disparities in the world.&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1739">Broadband</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2009 16:13:11 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>florencia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8929 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Colombia: Communications Fund</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/colombia-communications-fund</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;Colnodo, Colombia’s AndinaTIC member, analysed the role of the country’s Communications Fund.&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1739">Broadband</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1271">colombia</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACIncidenciaRegionalColombia_20090707.pdf" length="122464" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2009 16:46:21 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>florencia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8930 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Ecuador: Fund for the Development of Telecommunications in Rural and Urban-marginal Areas</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/ecuador-fund-development-telecommunications-rural-</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;Universal Access Funds, in Ecuador as well as several other countries of the region, were created in response to liberalisation and privatisation policies of the telecommunications companies.&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1739">Broadband</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1251">ecuador</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACIncidenciaRegionaEcuador_20090707.pdf" length="134257" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2009 04:19:39 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>florencia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8934 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
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 <title>Peru: Fund for the Investment in Telecommunications</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/peru-fund-investment-telecommunications</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;This document studies the case of the Telecommunications Investment Fund (&lt;span class=&quot;caps&quot;&gt;FITEL&lt;/span&gt;), the Peruvian &lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/glossary/term/353&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;government: A government is the organisation that is the governing authority of a political unit, the ruling power in a political society, and the apparatus through which a governing body functions and exercises authority.

Style information: Clearly distinguish between &amp;quot;state&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;government&amp;quot; as these terms are often used interchangeably, but do not mean the same thing (see also the entry for &amp;quot;state&amp;quot; in this glossary). As a general rule, &amp;quot;government&amp;quot; should not be capitalised.

Source: Wikipedia&quot;&gt;government&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt; agency that provides universal access to telecommunications in rural areas, privileging social&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1736">broad band</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1322">Peru</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACIncidenciaRegionalPeru_20090707.pdf" length="182562" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2009 04:27:15 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>florencia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8935 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Venezuela: Fund for Universal Service</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/venezuela-fund-universal-service</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;This exploratory study, carried out by Funredes and EsLaRed, analyses the use of the Universal Service Fund (FSU-Fondo de Servicio Universal) in Venezuela.&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1739">Broadband</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1734">venezuela</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACIncidenciaRegionalVenezuela_20090630.pdf" length="96340" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2009 04:33:09 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>florencia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8936 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Colombia: Social appropriation: The implementation of the new Compartel telecentres</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/colombia-social-appropriation-implementation-new-c</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;The action consisted of approaching the decision-makers for the Colombian government’s project to supply community &lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/glossary/term/149&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;internet access: The APC Internet Rights Charter states that all people have the right to access to the internet. This requires government leadership, market engagement, and most importantly, citizen and civil society participation. Affordable, fast and easy access to the internet can help create more egalitarian societies. It can strengthen educational and health services, local business, public participation, access to information, good governance and poverty eradication. But we should not assume that all technological innovation is automatically beneficial. Civil society organisations (CSOs), governments and regulatory agencies should be aware of the internet’s potential to reinforce existing inequality. The right to internet access encompasses the right to access to infrastructure irrespective of where one lives; the right to the skills to use and shape the internet to meet one&amp;#039;s needs; the right to interfaces, content and applications accessible to all; the right to equal access for men and women; the right to affordable access; the right to access in the workplace; the right to public access; and the right to access and create content that is culturally and linguistically diverse. 

Style information: N/a

Source: APC Internet Rights Charter&quot;&gt;internet access&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt; centres in schools, through which close to 1700 new telecentres wil&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1739">Broadband</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1271">colombia</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACIncidenciaNacionalColombia_20090630.pdf" length="107815" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2009 04:37:34 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>florencia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8937 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Ecuador: Inputs from civil society for the formulation of the Communication Law</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/ecuador-inputs-civil-society-formulation-communica</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;The objective of this action was to include civil society’s perspective on the right to communication in Ecuador’s new communications law.&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1739">Broadband</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1251">ecuador</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACIncidenciaNacionalEcuador_20090630.pdf" length="108827" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2009 04:40:06 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>florencia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8938 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Peru: Public strategies for new technologies in rural areas</title>
 <link>http://www.apc.org/en/pubs/research/peru-public-strategies-new-technologies-rural-area</link>
 <description> 	&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/taxonomy/term/268&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;advocacy: The act of pleading or arguing in favour of something, such as a cause, idea, or policy; active support. 

Style information: N/a

Source: The American Heritage Dictionaries on Answers.com
&quot;&gt;advocacy&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt; action was carried out by &lt;span class=&quot;caps&quot;&gt;CEPES&lt;/span&gt;, AndinaTIC member in Peru, compiling and systematizing documents on Peruvian &lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/glossary/term/353&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;government: A government is the organisation that is the governing authority of a political unit, the ruling power in a political society, and the apparatus through which a governing body functions and exercises authority.

Style information: Clearly distinguish between &amp;quot;state&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;government&amp;quot; as these terms are often used interchangeably, but do not mean the same thing (see also the entry for &amp;quot;state&amp;quot; in this glossary). As a general rule, &amp;quot;government&amp;quot; should not be capitalised.

Source: Wikipedia&quot;&gt;government&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;caps&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; href=&quot;/en/taxonomy/term/259&quot;&gt;&lt;acronym title=&quot;information and communication technology: Technology and tools that people use to share, distribute, gather information and to communicate with one another, one on one, or in groups. ICTs can be grouped into three categories. Information technology uses computers, which have become indispensable in modern societies to process data and save time and effort. Telecommunications technologies include telephones (with fax) and the broadcasting of radio and television, often through satellites. Networking technologies, of which the best known is the internet, also extend to mobile phone technology, voice over IP telephony (VoIP), satellite communications, and other forms of communication that are still in their infancy. 

Style information: APC uses all small case for this term. We NEVER write &amp;quot;Information and Communication Technologies&amp;quot;. Note that there is the option of using this term in the singular (information and communication technology, abbreviated as ICT) or plural (information and communication technologies, abbreviated as ICTs). 

Source: APC&quot;&gt;ICT&lt;/acronym&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; projects.&lt;/p&gt; </description>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/55">ICT policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/555">Research</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1409">Andean Region</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1739">Broadband</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/1322">Peru</category>
 <category domain="http://www.apc.org/en/taxonomy/term/33">Latin America &amp;amp; the Caribbean</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/CILACIncidenciaNacionalPeru_20090630.pdf" length="149303" type="application/pdf" />
 <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2009 04:43:59 +0100</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>florencia</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">8939 at http://www.apc.org</guid>
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